In the past, in Yorkshire, the township or townships which made up the parish frequently had subdivisions which had their own identity and some degree of autonymy: these were called hamlets.
A word with an obscure history but apparently the name originally of a kind of sport, commented on in some detail in the OED, in which one person challenged an article that belonged to his opponent, offering something in return.
A spelling of handkerchief that was common in literary use in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and which remained in everyday speech for some time (OED).
As a noun this occurs frequently in the inventories of cloth-dressers and it had a very specific meaning. Briefly, the 'handles' were a wooden frame set with teasles which was used to raise the nap on cloth.
Evidently cod, ling, and the like, salted and dried (OED) although the examples quoted there were from Scotland and first noted as late as the early 1800s.
The common hazel is a deciduous tree or shrub which has historically provided us with nuts, and the flexible shoots from which hurdles and baskets might be made.
A regional word for heddle, that is the small cords or wires through which the warp is passed in a loom, separating the threads so as to allow the passage of the shuttle.