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dates 1130 1297 1485 1560

spellings goit
A water course or channel, a word which occurs from the thirteenth century as a minor place-name element.
dates 1261 1350 1421 1502-1503 1586 1594 1663 1791

The past participle of ‘to get’.
dates 1561 1608

spellings gourdmaker gourdskin
Gourds were the large fruit of certain plants, and when these were hollowed out and dried they served as vessels or floats.
places York Cotness
dates 1328 1379 1446

dates 1607-1608 1628

A book of antiphons sung between the Epistle and the Gospel at the Eucharist (OED).
dates 1395 1433 1459 1559 1591

spellings kermes
The seed of cereal plants, corn, often a plural.
dates 1305 1354 1374 1394-1395 1410 1454 1508 1529


dates 1541 1549 1573

An archaic word for grandfather, or less precisely forefather.
dates 1455 1466 1543 1575

Originally a place where grain was stored, a barn or granary, but in the pre-Dissolution period it was used of the outlying farms or estates held by the great abbeys.
places Clapham Rievaulx
dates 1200 1535

spellings girse gress
The word ‘grass’ was commonly used in the past in the sense of pasture, as either a noun or a verb, and it had so many variant spellings that it can sometimes be difficult to recognise.
dates 1484 1494 1517 1535 1539

spellings grasshouse grassman gerse grisse house
There is a reference to 'Hurdmannis et Bondis et Gresmannis' c. 1150, where the context makes it clear that a grassman was a certain class of tenant (OED).
dates 1280 1461 1542 1551 1557 1600 1624

places Wakefield
dates 1734

A female tenant with ‘grassman’ status.
places South Cave
dates 1558

A kitchen utensil with a rough surface, used for grating bread, nutmegs, ginger, etc.
dates 1485 1565 1568 1572 1658

This word has an Old Norse origin and it referred to an office holder, usually a manorial steward or churchwarden but applicable to a variety of other offices. It was current in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and possibly in other parts of the former Danelaw, where it regularly interchanged with ‘grieve’ and ‘greave’.
dates 1274 1332-1333 1459 1563 1619-1621

To dig, to inter.
dates 1541 1570 1648 1775 1809

A name given to implements used in a variety of crafts, especially to a shaving tool used by bowyers.
places York Doncaster
dates 1434 1458

Some extensive manorial territories were subdivided for convenience into ‘graveships’, each under a ‘grave’ whose entitlement to the office was based on the amount of land that he held.
dates 1460 1550 1560

A kind of cloth.
places Slaithwaite
dates 1587

In early references to fur this was probably the gray squirrel, since ‘greywerk’ was the term for the finest squirrel skins.
dates 1366 1388 1410 1431 1445 1463 1466

One of several alternative names for the badger.
dates 1648 1676 1690

To offer money as a bribe.
places Helmsley Skipton
dates 1606 1686

A cake or compressed lump of animal fat.
dates 1528 1578 1582 1587

dates 1301 1307 1465-1466 1527 1579 1640

A common term for timber that was suitable for building houses and the like.
places Ripon Dewsbury
dates 1392-1393 1591

A regional word for a small wood, similar in meaning to ‘grove’ which was not used in Yorkshire.
dates 1527 1638

spellings greces
dates 1396-1397 1485 1497 1499 1501 1558 1583

A way over green or uncultivated ground.
dates 1277 1288 1346 1379 1438 1516

Green Ginger is the undried root of a tropical plant prized for its hot spicy taste and it was being imported into Yorkshire by the fourteenth century, possibly much earlier.
dates 1397-1398 1398 1421 1434 1464 1494 1535 1537 1651

spellings greenhue
This was an English equivalent of ‘vert’ and could apply to the green parts of trees in the woods and forests: and making waste 'in the greene hew of the Forrest' in referred to in 1598 (OED).
dates 1599-1600 1626 1680-1689

Used of an ox with green or young horns, noted c.1460 in the Towneley Mysteries (OED). It was later not uncommon as a name for cows and heifers.
dates 1533 1576 1591 1631 1642 1685

The meaning of this uncommon word is not clear, but it may refer to pennies paid for ‘green hews’.
places Lealholm
dates 1686

A sauce of a green colour, made from herbs and eaten with meat.
places Wakefield
dates 1758-1762

An English equivalent of vert.
places Brandsby
dates 1610

spellings grewhound grew bitch grew whelp
Obsolete spellings of greyhound.
dates 1514 1533 1541 1619 1668

A young pig or swine.
places Idle
dates 1476

Parallel bars of iron in a frame, often supported on short legs, used to cook meat or fish over a fire.
dates 1557 1563 1610

Grinding is the process in the cutlery trade which smooths a blade to the desired thickness and gives it a cutting edge.
dates 1387 1554 1697 1700 1702

spellings grinding stone grindlestone grunstone grundlestone
A disc of stone of considerable thickness which revolves on an iron axle and is used for grinding, sharpening or polishing (OED).
dates 1437 1464-1465 1510 1534 1536 1541 1543 1544-1545 1578-1579 1583 1622 1637 1639


A husbandry tool, evidently a kind of fork.
places Middleton Yeadon
dates 1578 1755

The egg of a griffin, the fabulous creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. It was a word for an oval-shaped cup, possibly made from a large egg, such as that of an ostrich.
dates 1349 1419 1431 1455 1537

spellings gritstone
A hard-wearing sandstone.
dates 1391-1392

spellings grithbreach grithman grithpriest grithstone grithstool girthman
The word ‘grith’, often metathesised to ‘girth’, meant peace or guaranteed security, and a sanctuary seeker in Durham would rap at the knocker on the door of the Cathedral asking gyrth for God’s sake (SS64/72). In Yorkshire, both Beverley and Ripon had similar rights.
places Beverley Ripon
dates 1228 1297 1342 1392 1458 1460 1471

spellings grizzled grissle girsell
With grey or silvery hair but used particularly of horses, especially when the grey hair was mixed with black.
dates 1348 1351 1434 1458 1497 1546 1552 1617 1655 1842

A silver coin worth four pence, introduced in 1279, and in general circulation intermittently until 1855.
dates 1504 1529 1544 1561 1591 1642 1725

Hulled and crushed grain, chiefly oats.
dates 1563 1570 1599

We are accustomed to think of the grocer as a tradesman who dealt in spices, sugar, dried fruits and other items of domestic consumption but the term was not prominent in the fourteenth century, unlike 'mercer' and 'spicer', and in that period it more probably referred to an 'engrosser', that is a wholesaler:
dates 1403 1450 1504 1535 1585 1663

A coarse fabric of silk, of mohair and wool, or of these mixed with silk, often stiffened with gum.
dates 1453 1463 1533 1568 1607 1655 1669 1783

spellings grope-iron
An iron implement found in a wood-worker’s inventory, used for ‘groping’, probably for grooving or cutting grooves.
places York
dates 1327 1419

spellings grundage
This was a customary payment which was levied on ships when they were berthed alongside a quay.
dates 1540-1547 1542 1600

A term noted in bridge-building, descriptive of a timber frame that served as the foundation for a pillar.
dates 1674

Photo by Kreuzschnabel CC BY-SA 3.0