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spellings quenter
A regional spelling of twinter, that is a ‘two-winters old’ animal.
dates 1508 1556 1571

spellings quissyne
Typical obsolete spellings of cushion.
dates 1304-1305 1367 1430 1535 1565 1588 1689

spellings qwom
Obsolete forms of ‘whom’.
places Ovenden Ledston
dates 1489 1557

quy

spellings quey
A heifer, or a young cow up to three years old that has not calved.
dates 1455 1485 1559 1600 1616 1662

The herdsman responsible for a herd of quys or heifers.
dates 1301 1327

Of uncertain meaning, part of the cordwainers' process.
places York
dates 1430

According to Wright this was a heifer up to two years old (EDD).
places Bedale Driffield
dates 1542 1563

For ‘requited’.
places Woodsome
dates 1575

A spelling of ‘wherefore’.
places Rastrick
dates 1450

An obsolete spelling of ‘whose’.
places Anlaby
dates 1450-1455

spellings qwylk
Obsolete spellings of ‘which’.
places Rastrick
dates 1450

spellings qwyth
Typical obsolete spellings of ‘white’.
places Bedale York
dates 1442 1504

An earlier spelling of rebate, used as a verb, meaning to cut a groove along the edge of a piece of wood.
places Elmswell
dates 1620

For 'erase', that is take out.
places Holme
dates 1609

spellings racke
A line down a horse’s face, usually said to be white.
dates 1512 1556 1617 1689 1726

spellings ratch
A hunting dog which pursues its prey by scent.
dates 1298-1299 1514 1665

A verb, descriptive of the gait of a horse when the two feet on each side are raised simultaneously.
dates 1490 1549 1562 1631

A bar or set of bars used to support a spit or other cooking utensil.
dates 1400 1434 1535 1567 1669

A frame designed to hold a cross-bow when it was not in use.
dates 1520 1548 1565

spellings rake (2)
Commonly used by dialect speakers in the phrase 'by the rack of the eye', that is estimating an angle or a distance without any rule or measurement. No early example has been found but 'rake' was formerly used in estimating distances.
places West Riding
dates 1647

Rack' could be the bones of a dead horse, and the OED has 'rack of bones' for an emaciated person, although the examples are late.
places Wakefield
dates 1533

spellings reckan raggan raggin
An iron bar mounted in a chimney from which cooking implements could be suspended.
dates 1400 1453 1485 1552 1630 1648

A crook or hook suspended from the rackan in a chimney.
dates 1544 1571 1621

A very high or extortionate rent, equal or nearly equal to the full annual value of the land.
places Wetherby
dates 1755

spellings reddle riddle (1)
Alternative spellings of ruddle, also called red ochre, found as a verb or noun. The ochre was used especially to mark sheep.
dates 1648 1669 1688

A collective term for poles, rods, twigs, etc, possibly with regionally distinct meanings, referred to by historians as panels in a timber-framed wall (HH6).
dates 1457-1458 1680 1713

‘Raff’ was foreign timber, mostly deals imported from Prussia and the Baltic: the history of these two words is closely linked..
dates 1642 1656 1738 1756 1820

rag

A coarse, hard building-stone, a term with locally distinct meanings.
places Beverley Leeds
dates 1409 1741

A knobbed staff, which appears in the badge or crest of the Earls of Warwick.
places Furnival
dates 1407

Probably a form of ragged, used as a name for a rough-coated animal.
places Grinton
dates 1582

spellings railway
These were ways or roads laid with rails which allowed heavily-laden wagons to move more freely, and in this sense the words are first on record in coal-mining districts.
places Bradshaw
dates 1816

A bar of wood, varying in size but usually between six and ten feet long, four inches broad and an inch or more thick. They were used in the construction of carts, fences, staircases, balconies, etc.
dates 1658 1695

spellings double rail
A woman’s garment, formerly a piece of linen or other cloth worn about the neck.
dates 1544 1558 1566 1585 1611 1612

spellings rayleboote rail bote
The right to take wood suitable for making rails.
places Cawthorne
dates 1626

In the process of cloth-finishing the nap was formerly raised by teasels set in an implement referred to as ‘handles’, and this was possibly a similar implement.
places Halifax
dates 1556


Coal brought south from Railey in Durham.
dates 1457-1458 1473 1485 1538 1603

It has a general meaning of ‘rubbish’ but in wood management the reference was to fallen branches or what was left over when the tanners and charcoal burners had used what they wanted, usually branches but sometimes whole trees. It could clearly be used in fencing.
dates 1270 1307-1308 1373-1374 1495 1549 1711

A metal instrument used to ram shale or dirt into a bore-hole where a charge of gunpowder had been placed.
places Beeston
sources Denison papers
dates 1754

spellings rampier rampire
Archaic form of 'rampart'.
dates 1686 1687 1717

The broad-leaved garlic, abundant in some Pennine valleys in the spring, well known for its smell and taste.
places Grosmont
dates 1540

In early references the meaning is not absolutely clear but this was evidently an iron fireplace of some kind, the fore-runner of the ranges used for cooking which were frequent from the nineteenth century.
dates 1423 1559 1585 1613 1632 1669 1678 1689

A rope-maker, the northern form of roper.
places York
dates 1347 1400-1499 1444

The meaning is not absolutely clear, but it was evidently a weapon, perhaps similar to a pikestaff, with a short blade or rapier fastened into a wooden handle.
dates 1559 1568 1677-1678

To make a mark with a sharp instrument, to inscribe or write.
dates 1497 1520 1561 1627

The regional spelling of ‘ret’, that is to soak in water or expose to moisture, used especially in the preparation of hemp and flax. The plants were placed in a pit or pool and as putrefaction occurred the fibres were separated or split from the stem.
dates 1533 1617 1630 1642 1747

Manner, style, way, an obsolete usage.
places Stainland
dates 1674

spellings wraith wreath (2)
A wooden frame or shelving fixed to the side of a cart so as to increase its capacity.
dates 1449 1535 1545 1639 1656 1716 1741

spellings rating pit rating pool
A pool of water in which quantities of hemp and flax were left to putrefy in order that the fibres might be more easily separated from the stems.
dates 1200-1299 1600 1607 1611 1636

spellings roseager
Poison for rats, especially arsenic.
dates 1616 1644 1694

‘Ratton’ was the regional word for a rat.
dates 1395-1396 1510 1532 1576 1679

‘Ratton Row’ is a minor place-name which occurs so frequently across the north of England that it is tempting to see it as a generic, applied to any row of houses or cottages which was rat infested or perhaps just run down.
dates 1297-1298 1308 1405-1406 1410 1420-1421 1513 1545 1553 1574 1575-1620 1578 1580 1633 1667 1736 1772

raw

An early spelling of ‘row’, with reference to a hedgerow or a row of houses.
dates 1460 1531 1558 1576

Used of untanned or undressed skins.
places Thorne
dates 1579 1747

ray

A kind of striped cloth.
places Hedon
dates 1438

spellings whone
A whetstone for sharpening razors.
places Sheffield
dates 1720

spellings razorsmith razor grinder razor hafter
Occupational term for a maker of razors.
dates 1285 1459 1681 1709 1710 1721 1737 1750-1799 1786

Photo by Kreuzschnabel CC BY-SA 3.0