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The meaning of this uncommon word is not clear, but it may refer to pennies paid for ‘green hews’.
places Lealholm
dates 1686

A sauce of a green colour, made from herbs and eaten with meat.
places Wakefield
dates 1758-1762

An English equivalent of vert.
places Brandsby
dates 1610

spellings grewhound grew bitch grew whelp
Obsolete spellings of greyhound.
dates 1514 1533 1541 1619 1668

An alternative spelling of gray in its various meanings, but one rarely found in earlier Yorkshire documents.

A young pig or swine.
places Idle
dates 1476

Parallel bars of iron in a frame, often supported on short legs, used to cook meat or fish over a fire.
dates 1557 1563 1610

Grinding is the process in the cutlery trade which smooths a blade to the desired thickness and gives it a cutting edge.
dates 1387 1554 1697 1700 1702

spellings grinding stone grindlestone grunstone grundlestone
A disc of stone of considerable thickness which revolves on an iron axle and is used for grinding, sharpening or polishing (OED).
dates 1437 1464-1465 1510 1534 1536 1541 1543 1544-1545 1578-1579 1583 1622 1637 1639


A husbandry tool, evidently a kind of fork.
places Middleton Yeadon
dates 1578 1755

The egg of a griffin, the fabulous creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. It was a word for an oval-shaped cup, possibly made from a large egg, such as that of an ostrich.
dates 1349 1419 1431 1455 1537

spellings gritstone
A hard-wearing sandstone.
dates 1391-1392

spellings grithbreach grithman grithpriest grithstone grithstool girthman
The word ‘grith’, often metathesised to ‘girth’, meant peace or guaranteed security, and a sanctuary seeker in Durham would rap at the knocker on the door of the Cathedral asking gyrth for God’s sake (SS64/72). In Yorkshire, both Beverley and Ripon had similar rights.
places Beverley Ripon
dates 1228 1297 1342 1392 1458 1460 1471

spellings grizzled grissle girsell
With grey or silvery hair but used particularly of horses, especially when the grey hair was mixed with black.
dates 1348 1351 1434 1458 1497 1546 1552 1617 1655 1842

A silver coin worth four pence, introduced in 1279, and in general circulation intermittently until 1855.
dates 1504 1529 1544 1561 1591 1642 1725

Hulled and crushed grain, chiefly oats.
dates 1563 1570 1599

We are accustomed to think of the grocer as a tradesman who dealt in spices, sugar, dried fruits and other items of domestic consumption but the term was not prominent in the fourteenth century, unlike 'mercer' and 'spicer', and in that period it more probably referred to an 'engrosser', that is a wholesaler:
dates 1403 1450 1504 1535 1585 1663

A coarse fabric of silk, of mohair and wool, or of these mixed with silk, often stiffened with gum.
dates 1453 1463 1533 1568 1607 1655 1669 1783

spellings grope-iron
An iron implement found in a wood-worker’s inventory, used for ‘groping’, probably for grooving or cutting grooves.
places York
dates 1327 1419

spellings grundage
This was a customary payment which was levied on ships when they were berthed alongside a quay.
dates 1540-1547 1542 1600

An alternative term in coal-mining vocabulary for the ground surface.

A term noted in bridge-building, descriptive of a timber frame that served as the foundation for a pillar.
dates 1674

This is a rare phrase in the documents consulted, but it provides early evidence of a freedom granted to colliers to stack coals on the surface.
places Wibsey
dates 1659

spellings turfpenny
A customary payment of one penny for the occupation of a piece of land, over and above the usual rents and services.
places Cottingham
dates 1282

spellings groundsill ground-sole
A foundation, a horizontal sill of wood or stone on which a timber-framed building was erected. As a verb to lay such a foundation.
dates 1335 1420 1446-1447 1500 1519 1538 1544 1620

spellings earth waller
The lower part of a wall or building, a foundation.
places Ripon York
dates 1392-1393 1419-1420 1424 1477 1497 1539

Foundations.
dates 1422 1486 1579 1601

spellings grove hole
These were the usual words for a lead-mine.
dates 1150-1199 1535 1563 1635 1673 1700 1705-1708 1721 1829

spellings groove

A plural of grove (1) on the lines of house, housing.
places Grinton
dates 1522 1566

places Mitton
dates 1710


A rare variant of grindlestone.
places Cottingley
dates 1622

To murmur or complain, linked with grouch and grudge.
dates 1472 1477 1486 1523

A pivot, usually of iron, fixed on a beam or axle and on which a wheel might turn, a bell swing, or a door open.
dates 1348 1433 1573 1604 1754

A mummer, one who goes about in costume on occasions such as Christmas eve or New Year’s eve.
places Huddersfield
dates 1757

spellings gole gool
places Selby Goole
dates 1306 1356 1362 1398 1411-1412 1412 1480 1540 1546

A type of nail, usually said to be large, and used in fixing gutters, although references in the churchwardens’ account of St Michael, Spurriergate, link such nails with ‘tingles’, in securing the bell wheels and carved angels’ wings.
places York Ripon
dates 1419 1456 1504 1520 1543-1544 1546-1547

dates 1665-1668 1679 1690 1760 1816

This was the original name for what we now call ‘Bonfire night or ‘Plot night’, the celebration on 5 November of the failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605.
places Slaithwaite
dates 1686 1785

An artificial watercourse.
dates 1392-1393 1418-1419 1420 1446-1447 1476 1501 1534 1552 1648

This may have been a word for two pieces of timber placed over a ditch as a bridge.
places Methley
dates 1509-1510 1590

spellings gile-fat
A vessel used in brewing, the vat in which the wort is left to ferment.
dates 1341 1405 1481 1529 1559 1611 1676 1700

spellings gile-house
The brew-house.
dates 1430 1450 1485 1538 1551

A sleeveless coat or jacket of mail, lighter than a hauberk.
dates 1251 1257 1391 1392

An alternative spelling of heck.
dates 1396-1397 1561 1570

A tool for breaking clods or chopping up roots and the like.
dates 1400 1421 1422 1563-1564 1571-1572 1588 1783

This was probably a short-handled tool with an iron cutting edge which could be reversed and used as a hammer.
places York Sheffield
dates 1402 1493 1512 1516 1690

A fairly common field-name, evidently given to land which required breaking up after being cleared of trees.
dates 1190 1336 1465 1507 1640

An alternative spelling of heckle, an implement used in the dressing of flax and hemp.
places Ripon
dates 1485

An obscure reference, possibly meaning rough-haired.
dates 1578

Photo by Kreuzschnabel CC BY-SA 3.0