stoven

In many early documents this was not a synonym for brook or beck but a reference to the current or main flow of a river, especially where it provided power by turning a water wheel.

places Sowerby near Halifax Barkisland Leeds Harewood Kettlewell

sources Manor of Wakefield court ro... Assurance concerning dam fo... Thoresby Society Publications Rotherham session roll July... Wetherby session roll Janua...

dates 1491 1580 1628 1683 1686

street

In place-names, this is evidence of an ancient paved way, especially a former Roman road.

places Sturton York Hull Beverley Wakefield Whiston Aldborough Dewsbury Earlsheaton Crathorne, Yarm Halifax

sources Place-names of West Riding ... Place-names of East Riding ... Beverley Corporation Manusc... Christopher Feyld's will, 1557 YAS Record Series Aldborough and Boroughbridg... Dewsbury Court Roll Wakefield Court Rolls 17 Ma... Quarter Sessions Records Quarter sessions indictment...

dates 1090 1150-1161 1318 1321 1415 1536 1557 1563 1585 1609 1654 1730

streetway

A paved road or highway.

places Burley Helmsley

sources Thoresby Society Publications McDonnell, Helmsley & Rievaulx

dates 1526 1642

strickle

A wooden tool which was used to whet or sharpen a scythe.

places Helmsley East Rounton Elmswell York

sources Quarter Sessions Records Henry Best's Farming Book Henry Bowet's inventory, 1423

dates 1423 1620 1642 1657

strike(1)

A dry measure for corn, peas, etc and the vessel holding that amount.

places Bridlington Holmfirth Sherburn Monk Fryston Elmswell

sources YAS Record Series Thoresby Society Publications Robert Turpine's will, 1558 Henry Best's Farming Book

dates 1316 1527 1534 1558 1642

strike(2)

A metathesized spelling of stirk, a bullock or heifer up to two years old.

places Howden Burton on Ure Abbotside

sources Helen Portyngton's will, 1458 Fountains Abbey Rentals, 15... Edmund Bleethe's will and i...

dates 1457 1495 1589

strike(3)

The verb could mean ‘to paint an image’.

places York

sources Raine, York Minster Fabric ...

dates 1639

strike a mark

Applying an individual cutler's mark to a piece he had made.

places Sheffield

sources T. Walter Hall catalogues Cutlers' Company Orders 1590 Leader, Company of Cutlers

dates 1554 1590 1730

striking

A regional word for a kind of coarse linen, a variant of ‘straiken’ which has been recorded in Scotland and north-east England.

places Mappleton Killingwoldgraves Beverley South Cave

sources John Baron's inventory 1535 Isabelle Swale's will, 1536 Thomas Michell's will 1558 George Wallis' inventory, 1588

dates 1535 1536 1558 1588

stringer

Occupational, sometimes for the craftsman who made bow-strings.

places York Bramley

sources York freemen's register York Memoranda Book Redmonds, Yorkshire Surnames

dates 1270 1359-1360 1420

stringfellow

An iron-worker, an alternative of ‘stringer’.

places Thornhill Sheffield

sources YAHS Record Series vol. 3 Hunter Archaeological Socie...

dates 1308 1547

string-hearth

A specialist hearth in iron-making, with the earliest examples found in Durham.

places Norton, Sheffield Esholt

sources Indenture of lease, 7 Decem... Bradford Antiquary vol. 10

dates 1409 1567-1568

string-layer

An occupational term.

places Scarborough

sources Thomas Robinson's examinati...

dates 1641

string smithy

A specialist smithy containing a string hearth.

places Shipley

sources Tyson, Mashamshire Collieries Yorkshire Archaeological Jo...

dates 1569 1579

strinkle

A holy water sprinkler.

places Everton York Fountains Abbey Baildon Pontefract

sources Richard Wyntworth's will, 1449 John le Scrope's will, 1455 John Beseby's will, 1493 Webb, Churchwardens' Accounts Surtees Society Publications Quarter Session rolls 1662-... Brears, Gentlewoman's Kitchen

dates 1449 1455 1493 1520 1537 1707 1741

strip

A term for a cow.

places Kirkheaton Marsden Gargrave Mortham Elmswell Selby

sources Tolson, St John's Kirkheaton George Redmonds Papers Prockter & Prockter c. Brig... Thomas Rokebie's will 1567 William Pratt's inventory 1664 William Watson's will, 1673

dates 1553 1567 1664 1672 1743 1768

striving irons

Part of the harness for draught horses, found only in the East Riding. It may have been a local alternative for iron traces since the two terms do not occur together.

places Spaldington South Cave Faxfleet

sources Anne Vavasor's inventory, 1570 Dunston Bellard's inventory... Miles Atkinson's will, 1582 Anne Todd's inventory, 1626

dates 1570 1575 1582 1624

stroke

A denomination of dry measure and the vessel holding that amount.

places Fryston Kirkburton Campsall Selby West Riding

sources John Mering's will, 1532-3 Collins, Kirkburton Parish ... YAHS Record Series vol. 3 John Chambers' inventory, 1677 Bradford session roll July ...

dates 1533 1577 1601 1676 1728

stroller

An itinerant beggar, a vagrant.

places Hunslet West Riding

sources Thoresby Society Publications Pontefract session roll Jan...

dates 1743 1763

strong water

Any form of alcoholic spirits used as a beverage.

places Sandal

sources Quarter sessions rolls 1674

dates 1674

strum

spellings strum maker

A strum was a wicker-work basket, used in the brew-house to keep the malt in the vat.

places Whitby Fountains Abbey Brandsby Beverley

sources Surtees Society Publications Thomas Swynton Memorandum B... Richard Cholmeley's book 16... YAS Record Series

dates 1394-1395 1446-1458 1616 1617 1629

stub(1)

A short thick nail.

places Whitby York Stillingfleet Brandsby Farnley near Leeds

sources Surtees Society Publications Testamenta Eboracensia 4 YAS Record Series Richard Cholmeley's book 16... Joshua Arthington's sccount...

dates 1394-1395 1504 1535 1615 1715

stub(2)

By the sixteenth century to ‘stub’, or more explicitly to stub up a tree, was to remove the stubs or stumps of those that had been felled, so that the land might be ploughed.

places Fountains Abbey Woodsome Ilkley East Ardsley Beverley Kirkheaton

sources Fountains Abbey Rentals, 15... Kaye Commonplace Book Horsfall, Yorkshire Notes a... Quarter Session rolls 1662-... Surtees Society Publications Morehouse, Yorkshire Diarie... YAS Record Series vol. 1 Manor of Heaton, 1589-1813

dates 1520 1587 1591 1604 1648 1675 1732 1774

stubber

An occupational term, possibly associated with cutting down or woodland management.

places Bolton Priory Crigglestone

sources Bolton Priory Compotus Fenwick, Poll Tax

dates 1311-1314 1379

stubbing

A common element in place-names; a coppice wood or brushwood.

places Worsbrough Sowerby near Halifax Healaugh Ilkley Denby near Penistone Thorpe Salvin

sources YAHS Record Series vol. 3 YAS Record Series

dates 1275 1344

stubbing boon

A service expected of tenants, to held clearning woods, as a condition of their tenure.

places North Bierley

sources Eshton Hall Papers

dates 1548

stubbing hack

The tool used to stub up tree roots, whins, docks, etc.

places Barnoldswick

sources YAS Record Series vol. 1

dates 1759

stubbs

Common in place-names, which identify places where trees were cut down, often so the land could be brought into cultivation.

sources Place-names of West Riding ...

stuff

spellings stuff-maker

The word ‘stuff’ was used of a woollen fabric which was described late in its history as not having a pile (OED).

places Stockeld Thorpe Willoughby Tadcaster Selby Leeds

sources Letter from William Middlet... John Fawcett's will, 1658 Quarter Session rolls 1662-... John Candler's will and inv... Deed concerning three close...

dates 1653 1657 1675 1709 1785

stulp

An early spelling of stoop.

places York Kirkburton Dewsbury Thornes near Wakefield Hunsingore

sources York Chamberlains' Roll 145... Morehouse, Kirkburton Dewsbury Court Roll Wakefield Court Rolls 17 Se... YAS Record Series

dates 1333 1344 1454 1490 1579

stump cross

spellings stub cross

A cross with a broken shaft.

places Westow Warburton, Cheshire York Worsbrough Scarborough Beverley Leeds Brampton Bierlow Pontefract

sources Taylor c. Aslabie tithe cause Purvis, Tudor Parish Documents Quarter Sessions Records Wilkinson, Worsborough Thomas Percy's will, 1536-7 YAS Record Series Parish Registers Place-names of West Riding ... Thoresby Society Publications

dates 1475 1516 1536-1537 1556 1567 1577 1578 1607 1688 1739

sturdy

A brain disease in sheep and cattle which causes them to be giddy, to turn round and round.

places Elmswell Stockeld Fountains Abbey Bainbridge

sources Henry Best's Farming Book Account book 1653-1655 Thomas Swynton Memorandum B... YAS Record Series

dates 1301 1446-1458 1642 1653

sty

A footpath or narrow way.

places Hipperholme Habton Woolley Rothwell

sources YAS Record Series YAS Record Series vol. 102 Thoresby Society Publications

dates 1275 1289 1366 1699

styth

Foul air in a mine.

places Leeds

sources Denison papers

dates 1829

styway

A late alternative of ‘sty’ which may have developed when the meaning of that word was no longer transparent.

places Hipperholme Meltham

sources Faull & Moorhouse, West Yor... Lease for South Crosland, 1509

dates 1432 1509

such-like

Of such a kind, similar.

places Settrington

sources YAS Record Series vol. 1

dates 1600

sudderon

spellings southern

Southern, that is from the south of England.

places York

sources York House Book 9 York House Book 10

dates 1508 1522

summer(1)

A pack-horse.

places Ayton Richmond Hinderwell

sources Gilbert de Aton's will, 1350 Thomas de Dalby's inventory... YAS Record Series

dates 1350 1400 1617

summer(2)

spellings summer-tree

A summer was a horizontal bearing beam and its use is implicit in Latin documents.

places York Pickering Hawes Scriven Wakefield

sources Salzmann, Building in Engla... Quarter Sessions Records Yorkshire Archaeological Jo... Pontefract session roll Apr...

dates 1335 1589 1633 1682 1733

summer(3)

Part of the ancient practice to have cattle, horses or sheep use different pasture grounds at different times of the year.

places Sowerby near Halifax Fountains Abbey Easby Warley Town

sources Wakefield Court Rolls 1349 Talbot c. Proctor tithe cause Richard Swaile's will 1578 Wakefield Court Rolls 1 May...

dates 1349 1577 1598 1608-1609

summer games

This referred to a festival held at Midsummer with dancing and dramatic performances, often associated with a light kept burning in the parish church.

places Kirk Deighton Wistow Kirkham York Swine Wawne

sources Richard Askam's will, 1463/4 Cause Papers Anthony Middelton's will, 1520 York House Book 24 YAS Record Series Archbishop's Register 30 f.... Simon Merflet's will, 1464

dates 1462 1464 1469 1496 1519 1569 1571 1605